Thanks to its fast-growing rhizomes, the three-leaved watermilfoil is one of the leading groups in the overgrowth of water bodies and the formation of rafts. The rhizomes of the three-leaved plant grow towards open water and float close to its surface: air-bearing cavities prevent them from drowning. Intertwining with each other, rhizomes of three-leaved bush are bound by roots and plant remains. And here is already underfoot swaying, but strong living carpet, which can withstand the weight of a man. Under suitable conditions, the three-leaved plant can move into the depth of the lake by 0.5 m annually. The plant is accompanied by cinquefoil, whitefly, sedges and horsetails in its advance on the lake.

With scientifically based planning, organized harvesting and rational use of natural resources, the stocks of raw materials of wild medicinal plants can remain almost unchanged for a long time (D. S. Ivashin). However, with the intensification of agriculture, grazing of plants by cattle and due to uncontrolled collection of medicinal plants by the population for personal needs and sale, there is a significant impoverishment of natural reserves and almost complete disappearance of some species. Many of them are included in the Red Books of the country and the republic, in the Red Book of Donbass.

Decoction and infusion of the underground parts of the plant amphibian humpback is used in diseases of the stomach, urogenital, nervous and endocrine systems. The herb of amphibian humpback in the form of dry powder is used as a hemostatic agent, infusion of amphibian humpback is used in gastric diseases and as a diuretic. Infusion of the leaves of the highlander has diuretic properties, it helps with urolithiasis. In Transbaikalia, the herb is used to treat diabetes, in Altai - hemorrhoids, and in Austria - nasal polyps and cancerous tumors.

The main treasure of snakehead crawfish necks is the rhizome hidden in the ground. From above it is reddish-brown, and on the break - pink, darkening in the air. And all because it has a lot of tannins: up to 36%. There are also gallic and ellagic acids, catechin, coumarin, vitamin C, provitamin A, calcium oxalate, coloring substances. It's a complete cure! And in addition, and starch up to 30%. The most useful substances accumulate in the rhizomes of the herb rhizomes of snake throat in the fall, so collect rhizomes of snake throat at this time of year. In the above-ground part of the throat is also a lot of vitamin C (0.10-0.15%), there are tannins, flavonoids, coumarin, anthocyanin.

Licorice and stalnick seeds are subject to scarification - rubbing with sand or mechanical removal of the outer shell to damage the epidermis. Seeds of red foxglove and camphor basil were sown in the greenhouse, and then seedlings were planted in mid-May (after frosts stopped) and periodically watered. Sowings of all plants gave friendly sprouts and a good harvest, especially in rainy years. Agrotechniques are also indicated in the description of some plants. Thus, medicinal plants listed in the Red Book can be successfully grown in Donbas conditions.

We also prepared 20% oil tinctures from raw plant material (St. John's wort, yarrow, medicinal sage, clary sage, hyssop, mint, marigolds, plantain) in vegetable oil, insisted for a month (dry plants can be insisted in vegetable oil for several hours on a water bath), then strained, squeezed. Oil tincture of St. John's wort, and some patients and marigold tincture, were used internally, which will be indicated when describing the plants. We also used these tinctures in 250 patients with proctosigmoiditis in microclysms. These preparations can also be used externally for trophic ulcers, wounds, cervical erosions, etc.

The medicinal raw material of the water pepper plant is the entire above-ground part of the plant, which is collected during flowering, i.e. almost all summer. When studying the raw materials of the plant water pepper (peppermint) found that it has flavonoid glycosides (7 species), some tannins (3-4%), organic acids, essential oils, saponins, vitamins K, PP and C, carotene. The therapeutic properties of this highlander are determined by the presence of glycoside polygopi-perin and a significant amount of vitamin K, as well as flavonoids, among which is rutinol, reducing the

In addition to ornamental value, the plant has a lot of useful properties. Studies have shown that the leaves and stems of Derbennik willow-leaved contain tannin, resins, carotene, traces of essential oil, glycoside salicarin; in the roots of Derbennik willow-leaved tannins, saponins; in the seeds - alkaloids, glycoside litrarine; in flowers - flavonoids. Derbennik willow-leaved is highly valued by folk healers. Herb and rhizomes are considered to be medicinal raw materials of Derbennik willow-leaved; the former is collected during flowering, the latter - in the fall.

There are many reasons for the increasing popularity of phytotherapy. Phytotherapeutic drugs usually act weaker and slower than synthetic drugs, they have fewer side effects and allergic reactions. They have a wide range of therapeutic properties (have analgesic, sedative, tonic and other effects). Versatility of use depends on the content in the plants of a complex of several differently active medicinal substances. Medicinal plants, if necessary, can be used for a long time (years) without fear of harming the patient, changing the prescriptions or making every 1-2 months breaks for 2-3 weeks.

The medicinal angelica is very popular in folk and scientific medicine. There is nothing in the raw material of angelica plant: essential oils, coumarins, tannins, sugars. A lot of strong organic acids: angelic, valerian, malic, acetic, there is carotene and starch. In the leaves and flowers of angelica medicinal present flavonoids, in the fruit - coumarins. The juice of angelica rhizome is so rich in substances that irritates the skin to redness. Since ancient times, angelica has been used to improve digestion; it is used to treat some gastrointestinal and kidney diseases; angelica extract also acts as a diaphoretic.

In the young shoots of apothecary geruha fatty oils similar to mustard oil, vitamins C, B and E, carotene, saponins, alkaloids, in the seeds - fatty oil (up to 24%), and in the roots - iodine. Medicinal raw material of apothecary gerukha is the entire plant (with leaves and flowers). Plant gerukha apothecary used as a diuretic, appetizing antizygotic. Decoction zherukha apothecary recommended for some cancers and chronic constipation, and juice is useful for anemia, kidney - and cholelithiasis, pyelonephritis. Externally - in the form of ointments and lotions - it treats lipomas and warts.

Auran medicinal is used in folk medicine in small doses internally as a cardiac, diuretic, choleretic, anthelmintic (in infestation with ascarids and dwarf chainworm) and strong laxative, and also for liver disease, spleen, intestinal atony and chronic skin diseases (internally and externally) - persistent skin itching, scabies, trophic ulcers, eczema, scabies, old ulcers, scabies, persistent skin rashes and gout. In Bulgaria it is recommended powder herb 0.14-0.3 g 3 times a day or infusion of 2 tsp. in a glass of boiling water - daily dose. Hot infusion of the herb is considered a potent laxative. Auran medicinal studied experimentally on animals.

The plant Cetraria Icelandica is recognized by scientific medicine, is also known among folk healers. The fact is that the cetraria Icelandicum rhizomes are 80% carbohydrates, and half of them - lichenin (a special lichen starch). When soaked, lichenin swells strongly, after which it can be digested by the body. There is in the plant of Icelandic moss bitter substance (2-3%), cetrarine, fumaric acid, gum, sugar, mineral salts, vitamin B12. But especially interesting for medicine usninic acid cetraria Icelandic, which has a strong bactericidal effect. Even in small doses (1 : 2000000) it kills pathogenic microbes, and in stronger - and the causative agents of tuberculosis. Preparations from the plant cetraria Icelandic have a calming effect on the nervous system, enveloping the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, they treat diarrhea and chronic constipation.

The medicinal raw material is thick and branched rhizomes of marsh cassowary, which are harvested in spring and fall. They contain essential oils (iridin, ketone, iron), glycosides, tannins, organic acids, starch, sugar, vitamin C. In pharmacy, the raw material of iris cassatica marsh is known as "violet root". Used casatik swamp as an anesthetic for gum inflammation and teething. Crushed violet root is even added to tooth powders.

As a medicinal plant, the dicotyledonous nettle was already known to the ancient Slavs. During the excavation of one of the settlements dated 510 BC, the remains of many medicinal plants, including nettle, were found. In scientific medicine, preparations of nettle dicot are prescribed for anemia, anemia, atherosclerosis, some diseases of the liver and biliary tract. They are successfully used in metabolic disorders, rheumatism, asthma, as an anti-fever and anti-cancer agent, even as a tonic. Their use increases blood clotting, in addition, they act as antihelmintics. Infusions, extracts and especially fresh juice of nettle dicot - multivitamin and tonic.

Externally, decoction of rhizome is used for gargling, lotions, baths and in the form of powder. St. John's wort juice is used to enhance vision, hearing, improve memory and from smoking. Decoction of a mixture of rhizome, burdock root (one handful each) and hop cones (two handfuls) in 3-4 liters of water wash the head twice a week with hair loss and dandruff (V. V. Karhut). In diseases of the genitourinary organs make sitting baths in a decoction of 30 g rhizome to 1 liter of water. Prolonged chewing of the rhizome increases the gag reflex, which is used to get rid of smoking.

For a long time people have known the medicinal properties of medicinal bloodwort. Back in the olden days, without knowing its chemical composition, it was considered capable of treating tumors. It was said that the plant hemochlebka medicinal "more than all potions kancerovy ulcers heals". Even in the Latin generic name of the medicinal bloodwort, which consists of two words, its therapeutic meaning is contained: sanguis - "blood" and sorbere - "to absorb". The greatest effect as a styptic and anti-inflammatory agent was noted in gastric bleeding. The medicinal plant bloodwort was also used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and as a bactericidal agent.

The main medicinal raw material of brittle cranesbill is the bark. But in fresh form, it causes nausea and vomiting, so it is subjected to heat treatment, withstanding an hour at a temperature of 100 ° C, or collected stored for 1-2 years. Use the bark of brittle cranesbill as a laxative, which is determined by the presence of anthraglycosides and their derivatives in the bark. There are in the bark and tannins, sugars, malic acid, a little essential oils. Medicinal effect on the body also have leaves, roots, fruits of the brittle cranesbill. Use crimson for various gastrointestinal diseases: spastic colitis, constipation, intestinal atony, to regulate bowel activity in hemorrhoids.

Very popular in folk phytotherapy sweet resinous birch sap. It is not only a pleasant refreshing dietary multivitamin, but invigorating and therapeutic drink. Fresh or canned birch sap is used as a tonic, antitsingotnoe, diuretic, quenching thirst and normalizing metabolism means internally and externally. It is used for pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases of the bronchi and lungs, anemia, general weakness, gout, rheumatism, arthrosis, uric acid diathesis, chronic pyelonephritis, skin diseases (eczema, acne, furunculosis, rashes, lice), wounds, ulcers and other diseases, especially useful juice weakened children. With a chronic runny nose drink every morning 1 glass of juice. Birch juice is also popular in cosmetics - to remove age spots on the face. It is also used to wash the scalp for dandruff and hair loss.

Cumin is used in medicine for acute and chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract (cholecystitis, hepatitis, biliary dyskinesia, biliary stone disease, cholangitis), as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, colitis, pancreatitis, atonic and spastic constipation). Cumin herb preparations excite the secretion of bile, gastric and pancreatic juice, increase diuresis and have a mild sedative, diuretic, antispasmodic, vetrogonic, styptic effect, increase the tone of the gallbladder, and improve metabolism and metabolic function of the liver.