Section 3

With scientifically based planning, organized harvesting and rational use of natural resources, the stocks of raw materials of wild medicinal plants can remain almost unchanged for a long time (D. S. Ivashin). However, with the intensification of agriculture, grazing of plants by cattle and due to uncontrolled collection of medicinal plants by the population for personal needs and sale, there is a significant impoverishment of natural reserves and almost complete disappearance of some species. Many of them are included in the Red Books of the country and the republic, in the Red Book of Donbass.

Licorice and stalnick seeds are subject to scarification - rubbing with sand or mechanical removal of the outer shell to damage the epidermis. Seeds of red foxglove and camphor basil were sown in the greenhouse, and then seedlings were planted in mid-May (after frosts stopped) and periodically watered. Sowings of all plants gave friendly sprouts and a good harvest, especially in rainy years. Agrotechniques are also indicated in the description of some plants. Thus, medicinal plants listed in the Red Book can be successfully grown in Donbas conditions.

We also prepared 20% oil tinctures from raw plant material (St. John's wort, yarrow, medicinal sage, clary sage, hyssop, mint, marigolds, plantain) in vegetable oil, insisted for a month (dry plants can be insisted in vegetable oil for several hours on a water bath), then strained, squeezed. Oil tincture of St. John's wort, and some patients and marigold tincture, were used internally, which will be indicated when describing the plants. We also used these tinctures in 250 patients with proctosigmoiditis in microclysms. These preparations can also be used externally for trophic ulcers, wounds, cervical erosions, etc.

There are many reasons for the increasing popularity of phytotherapy. Phytotherapeutic drugs usually act weaker and slower than synthetic drugs, they have fewer side effects and allergic reactions. They have a wide range of therapeutic properties (have analgesic, sedative, tonic and other effects). Versatility of use depends on the content in the plants of a complex of several differently active medicinal substances. Medicinal plants, if necessary, can be used for a long time (years) without fear of harming the patient, changing the prescriptions or making every 1-2 months breaks for 2-3 weeks.

Auran medicinal is used in folk medicine in small doses internally as a cardiac, diuretic, choleretic, anthelmintic (in infestation with ascarids and dwarf chainworm) and strong laxative, and also for liver disease, spleen, intestinal atony and chronic skin diseases (internally and externally) - persistent skin itching, scabies, trophic ulcers, eczema, scabies, old ulcers, scabies, persistent skin rashes and gout. In Bulgaria it is recommended powder herb 0.14-0.3 g 3 times a day or infusion of 2 tsp. in a glass of boiling water - daily dose. Hot infusion of the herb is considered a potent laxative. Auran medicinal studied experimentally on animals.

Externally, decoction of rhizome is used for gargling, lotions, baths and in the form of powder. St. John's wort juice is used to enhance vision, hearing, improve memory and from smoking. Decoction of a mixture of rhizome, burdock root (one handful each) and hop cones (two handfuls) in 3-4 liters of water wash the head twice a week with hair loss and dandruff (V. V. Karhut). In diseases of the genitourinary organs make sitting baths in a decoction of 30 g rhizome to 1 liter of water. Prolonged chewing of the rhizome increases the gag reflex, which is used to get rid of smoking.

Very popular in folk phytotherapy sweet resinous birch sap. It is not only a pleasant refreshing dietary multivitamin, but invigorating and therapeutic drink. Fresh or canned birch sap is used as a tonic, antitsingotnoe, diuretic, quenching thirst and normalizing metabolism means internally and externally. It is used for pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases of the bronchi and lungs, anemia, general weakness, gout, rheumatism, arthrosis, uric acid diathesis, chronic pyelonephritis, skin diseases (eczema, acne, furunculosis, rashes, lice), wounds, ulcers and other diseases, especially useful juice weakened children. With a chronic runny nose drink every morning 1 glass of juice. Birch juice is also popular in cosmetics - to remove age spots on the face. It is also used to wash the scalp for dandruff and hair loss.

Cumin is used in medicine for acute and chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract (cholecystitis, hepatitis, biliary dyskinesia, biliary stone disease, cholangitis), as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, colitis, pancreatitis, atonic and spastic constipation). Cumin herb preparations excite the secretion of bile, gastric and pancreatic juice, increase diuresis and have a mild sedative, diuretic, antispasmodic, vetrogonic, styptic effect, increase the tone of the gallbladder, and improve metabolism and metabolic function of the liver.

Infusion of black elderberry flowers has diaphoretic, disinfectant, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, laxative, choleretic, expectorant, astringent, analgesic, antipyretic, antipyretic, sedative, blood purifying, antispasmodic, emollient and wound healing properties. Used in medicine for colds, flu, bronchitis, bronchitis, laryngitis, kidney and bladder diseases, as well as neuralgia. Professor A. D. Turova recommends infusion of black elderberry flowers for inhalations, gargles for respiratory diseases, sore throat, flu and bronchiectasis.

Cultivated valerian produces a large yield and better quality raw material than wild-growing valerian. However, the root of flowering specimens becomes woody and rotten. At the site of the second year of life when growing it for raw materials, it is necessary to carry out topshkovanie (step-cutting), that is, cut flower-bearing stems at the beginning of their growth, which contributes to a significant increase in the yield of roots. Prepare raw materials in early spring or fall. Drying and storage of valerian should be carried out in rooms not accessible to cats, which willingly chew and scatter the roots of valerian.