Black silkworm (touta)
There are two types of silkworm, black and white. The first is a beautiful tree with a dense spherical crown, towering at 15-20 m, the trunk is covered with dark brown bark with longitudinal cracks. The branches are reddish-brown, bearing ovate leaves 6-10 cm long, the plant flowers in April, forming inflorescences - earrings. The copepods ripen from June. They are sweet-sour, flavorful, juicy. The berries are cherry or black in color.
White mulberry growth is lower, its branches are gray-brown, and the coplodia berries are smaller in size, greenish-white, cream or pink in color, tastes lusciously sweet, ripen 20-30 days earlier than the black mulberry.
Black silkworm is a single-home tree 5-10 m (average) tall. Its fruits contain sugars, acids (citric and malic), fat, vitamins, primarily C. They are rich in iron, tannins. The fruit is harvested in July-August, branch bark in spring, root bark in fall. Silkworm leaves contain a whole bunch of steroidal compounds. Rich in nutrients and other bioactive compounds, mulberry leaves and berries have been prized as highly medicinal products since ancient times (Fig. 22).
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Thus, the people of the Caucasus believe that tuta berries (black mulberry) prolong human life. And an Isfahan folktale claims that mulberry leaves can restore sight to the blind.
Black silkworm is indeed curative: its inflorescences can be successfully used as a preventive agent for anemia, hypertension. In Japan, mulberry is used to make a cosmetic cream to remove various facial blemishes. Leaves and bark of the tree since ancient times in folk medicine are used for cardiovascular diseases, as a diuretic. A porridge made from them accelerates the healing of wounds.
Black silkworm has antibacterial and antiviral properties. Silkworm fruit promotes hematopoiesis, improve metabolism disturbed in connection with skin diseases (possessing hematopurifying properties). They increase the secretion of sweat and urine, have expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects. Black silkworm is used as a medicinal infusion. This liquid from the crushed fruit is used to gargle the mouth and throat for their diseases. Ointment prepared from the crushed bark of mulberry, mixed with vegetable oil, used for bruises and wounds.
Eucalyptus
.Eucalyptus is cultivated on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. It grows in waterlogged soils. There are 11 species of trees. They reach a height of 80-100 meters, they may or may not shed their bark.
The leaves of almost all trees are heteromorphic. The flowers are rather small (7-8 mm), in simple umbrellas or heads. The fruit is a boll, fused to the calyx tube, woody, opening with flaps (Fig. 23).
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Eucalyptus is used as a medicinal raw material. The leaves of the plant, harvested throughout the summer, are used. However, leaves harvested in the fall are considered the best in quality and richer in essential oil. They are dried in the open air.
Dried eucalyptus leaves contain essential oil, which is the main active ingredient of the plant, as well as tannins, bitters, resins.
Eucalyptus is often used to treat skin injuries. Infusion and decoction of leaves are used externally to treat infected wounds, phlegmons, abscesses, as well as in pleurisy, purulent mastitis, open fractures, gynecological and other diseases.
Tincture of eucalyptus is prescribed internally for bronchitis, influenza, flowing with a strong cough. Eucalyptus also has a calming effect. Essential oil, which by its disinfectant properties exceeds 3 times carbolic acid, is taken internally as an expectorant and antimicrobial remedy for diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Externally, eucalyptus is used as an oil. It is used as an analgesic and distraction agent for neuralgia, rheumatism, lumbago and as a repellent for mosquitoes, mosquitoes, ants and other insects.
Home apple tree (garden)
The domestic apple tree grows everywhere in our gardens, from 3 to 12 meters high. Its leaves are ovate, acuminate, glabrous or downy underneath. Apple blossoms are fragrant, white-pink. Fruits are apples of various colors, juicy (Fig. 24). Home apple blossoms in April and May. The fruit is harvested in the fall.
Medicinal raw materials are fresh fruits, leaves. Fruits contain various sugars, organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric and others), tannins, pectin substances, mineral salts (iron, phosphorus), vitamins C, B and provitamin A (carotene), essential oil.
Home apple tree has a therapeutic effect on the digestive organs. Apples in raw, baked or boiled take on an empty stomach with weakened digestion and various kinds of gastrointestinal disorders. They have a mild laxative effect, especially in prolonged constipation; act as a diuretic. Useful apples in atherosclerosis, gout, attacks of kidney stone disease. Apples are especially valuable for those suffering from anemia (as they are rich in iron and vitamins), headaches.
The domestic apple tree produces dietary fruits that are used during diets. Apples are included in the composition of unloading days in obesity, in decompensation of cardiac activity.
Apple tea is also useful, primarily for colds, including laryngitis (with hoarseness of voice). Apple tea recipe: 3-5 raw fresh apples for 1 liter of water (daily dose). Boil for 10-15 minutes, insist 4 hours. Drink the tea warm several times a day. Homegrown apple tree has antiviral properties and can fight colds and flu.
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Fresh apple pulp is applied to burned and frostbitten areas of the body to reduce inflammation. Use this porridge and to treat wounds that do not heal for a long time.
Ointment made from apples (apples rubbed with fresh butter or fat in a ratio of 1:1), used to apply to areas of the skin for faster healing of abrasions and cracks.
Home apple tree contains a set of useful substances that have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. Even in ancient times it was said that apples consumed for dinner, deliver restful and light sleep and somewhat laxative..
