Bidens trapartita - Bidens trapartita. Family Asteraceae.
The generic Latin name translates to "doubled tooth," which corresponds to the shape of the seeds of succession trifoliate. With these two-toothed (or "dogwoods") is most associated with the wide popularity of the trifoliate succession. With the help of seeds endowed with 2-4 spike-like outgrowths, and "spreads" succession three-divided in the light. Everyone's familiarity with succession began with pulling these "doggies" out of our clothes, hair, and even shoes. Animals are no less active peddlers of "doggie". The seeds of trifoliate succession are also called catnip, dog's turnips, clothespin, etc. д. These nicknames for the succession are also very accurate to the characteristics of its seeds.
Threepricea tridentata is a moisture-loving plant. It grows among shrubs, along riverbanks, along ditches, and in grassy swamps. But it is also known as a weed in vegetable gardens and especially in irrigated fields. The habitat of succession is Holarctic: taiga, forest-steppe, steppe of the European and Asian parts of our country. It inhabits the Caucasus and the Far East.
The trifoliate succession is classified as an amphibian plant, capable of growing in a swamp and forming floating aquatic forms in which bundles of hanging roots are formed directly on the stems of the trifoliate succession. It is said: "Little water - the succession "In an inch", enough - "up to the waist".And then it forms dense and impenetrable thickets, especially in the time of seed ripening. The stems of succession three-divided branched, it has many leaves. The coloration of the leaves, divided into 3-5 lobes, is dark green. On the tops of numerous stems are several baskets each, where yellow-brown, quite ugly flowers are gathered (Fig. 23). But in the fall, when the seeds appear - two-toothed (up to 250 in one bush), cling the seeds of succession three-divided to any moving target and "went to walk around the world."
The popularity of succession triradelnaya as a folk remedy was great already in ancient Russia. And in the nineteenth century. it was harvested in significant quantities.
So what is contained in the herb of succession of trifoliate? It contains at least 10 flavonoids, coumarins, mucilages, bitters, tannins, vitamin C (up to 0.07 %), carotene (up to 0.05 %), some essential oil. High bactericidal activity of succession of triradelnaya is determined by polyphenols, which are part of the group of tannins, and manganese. It is known that manganese ions contribute to blood coagulation, affect the activity of the glands of internal secretion, are related to the processes of hematopoiesis. The main purpose of trifoliate succession is to treat scrofula or exudative diathesis. This has been known about for a long time. "Chereda is used to treat scrofula not only ordinary people, but it is resorted to by many of the upper class, combining it often for greater effect with herbs Ivan-da-marya, mother and stepmother, burdock roots and sarsaparelnye..." is what it says in the 1866 "Country Physician's Manual."
And in the "Russian folk medicinal herbal and flower book" of 1893. noted: "To the double prong the physicians attribute a strengthening, breaking and cleansing power. The leaves of the dicotyledon, infused with water, are considered useful for coughs, congestion of the liver and spleen, also for diluting thick phlegm; the green herb of the dicotyledon (succession of three-divided), rubbed and applied to a wound from poisonous snakes, soon heals it." Threepedelnaya succession treat other ailments: eczema and joint pain, anemia and cough. It is also used as a diaphoretic and diuretic. The brewed trifoliate succession together with tricolor violet and sweet-bitter nightshade was called averina tea.
In scientific medicine, succession trifoliate is considered a diuretic, diaphoretic, sedative and wound-healing agent. Its bitterness helps to increase appetite. It is used as a wound healer and in cases of great blood loss. Threeprice is included in ointments used to treat mastitis, allergies, and skin diseases. Aqueous infusion of succession triradely used for therapeutic baths (from diathesis and scrofulosis). "Eucommia, chickweed and lettuce cure concussion," Jude-shea narrates.
Medicinal raw materials from the natural thickets of succession three-divided have long been in short supply, although annually it is collected up to 120 tons. Therefore, succession trifoliate has been introduced into culture in many temperate regions. Sown in the fall, the grass grows slowly in the spring, but with the onset of long summer days, it quickly gains strength and forms dense and powerful thickets. On cultivated plantations receive already up to 1500 kg per hectare of herb succession three-divided, and seeds on seed plots - up to 200 kg.
It is also important as a fodder plant. Cows and pigs readily eat young grasses
:rice1:
do not recognize old grass at all (maybe because of the tenacious seeds). It is also used as a dyeing plant, giving cream, lemon-yellow and light green colors.
Plants forgotten and rare
Plants, our green defense!
Will gladly help at all times.
Though it's not a frankincense, it's just a seed
In a sack of soparods, but only seeds.
I thank you, kind leaves!
And to the forest mint. You too, birch.
Above each flower is a halo of unselfishness.
On every byline, there's a sign.
Ю. Linnik
The first ideas about the medicinal properties of plants, formed already by folk healers, witch doctors, shamans, were passed on orally from generation to generation. It was only with the advent of writing that everything known about the useful properties of plants began to be recorded in books. There are still some very old herbalists. Already in Pliny the Elder's Natural History more than 1000 useful plants are described. Avicenna's (Ibn Sina) book "Canon of Medical Science" (XI century) was popular for many centuries.). And among Russian written sources, one of the oldest books on medicines is "Ointments", written in the XII century. Eupraxia - granddaughter of Vladimir Monomakh.
In the Middle Ages, similarity treatment was widespread. For example, kidney-shaped leaves were used for kidney diseases, and jaundice was treated with plants with yellow flowers. But even from such seemingly nonsense the useful things were gradually selected and fixed for centuries. "Folk medicine is a product of collective folk creativity, the result of centuries or very recent experience of the people, obtained as a result of accidental or conscious identification by the people of the medicinal properties of the surrounding plants", - writes a well-known in the country expert on medicinal plants A. И. Shreter is the head of one of the laboratories of the All-Union Institute of Medicinal Plants.
A mass of superstitions, hexes and spells surrounded the treatment. Some kind of mystery hovered over many of the "herbs of life." In different times literally worshipped this or that medicine, considering it a panacea for all troubles and diseases. Among such plants was, for example, mandrake, whose root resembled a human figure. The most incredible potions were involved, up to and including gold and precious stones.
If your eyes go blind or your hands ache,
You go to the market, to the amethyst row.
The old magician and his shouting treasurer.
They'll explain to you there that you don't need doctors,
That your health is in precious stones
That Allah has put his power in them.
Avicenna
Many medicinal plants have survived history, while others have long been lost. The human experience was made up of many components; including consideration of how animals ate certain plants. This included observations of the pattern of animal poisoning. Much can tell the modern researcher and folk names of plants, often based on eye-catching features: taste, smell, color of flowers.
Think of such names: gentian, plantain, St. John's wort, Blackthorn, tufted bush, etc. д.
And now the experience of folk medicine is far from being fully explored. Of the 21,000. of domestic plant species, I repeat, only 230 have been studied in detail and included in the scientific pharmacopoeia. Approximately 5,000 species have been preliminarily surveyed, and 500 species have been surveyed in more depth. The work is complicated by the fact that individual plant parts are dissimilar in their chemical content. At different times, of the year, the quantity and quality of active ingredients varies. But the study of plants continues, and it is hoped that many folk medicine plants will cross over into the realm of scientific medicine..
