Avranus medicinalis - Gratiola officinalis. Family Norichnidae - Scrophulariaceae.
This small herbaceous plant grows on the banks of water bodies, flood meadows and lowland marshes. In the axils of elongated lanceolate leaflets of auran medicinal, subrotationally attached to the stem, sit on long pedicels single yellowish-white colored ringed florets (Fig. 24). Flowering auran medicinal from July to September. It is more often found in the southern parts of the country: in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Altai, and Central Asia. The medicinal auran is also widespread in Western Siberia.
Folk healers call auran medicinal herb fever grass and bloodroot. Auran medicinal plant is highly poisonous, which is determined by the presence of glycosides (gracilin, graciotoxin) and alkaloids (up to 0.2 %). It has fatty acids, tannins and resinous substances. Especially poisonous is the fresh plant of auran medicinal, but even when dried, it does not lose this property. In folk medicine, the whole plant of auran medicinal (with roots and flowers) is used; it is collected during flowering. Auranum medicinalis is recommended
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As a laxative, diuretic, anthelmintic. Fresh juice and infusion of auran medicinal treat scabies, eczema, panaricium. Studies have shown that the glycosides of the medicinal auran glycosides act similarly to foxglove, but not as potent. The use of auran medicinal requires some caution, otherwise you can cause severe diarrhea, accompanied by pain and vomiting. At a high dose of auranum medicinalis, seizures and a state of collapse may occur. Auranum medicinalis has the same effect on animals. If ingested in hay, it causes diarrhea, which can lead to complete emaciation and death.
Used auran medicinal and in scientific medicine, but only as a separate component of a complex collection of M. Н. Zdrenko. This drug is used to treat papillomatosis of the bladder and anacid gastritis.
Arctous alpina - Arctous alpina. Heather family - Ericaceae.
It is unlikely that a botanically ignorant person knows about the close relationship between our Arctosus and the exotic strawberry tree, an inhabitant of the warm subtropics. Arctosus alpineus is sometimes called ampricus, and its species name speaks for itself: its familiar cold homeland. Indeed, Arctosus alpineus is a typical northerner, an inhabitant of the tundra (Asian and European).
In the taiga zone, Arctosus alpineus can only be found high in the mountains, in the alpine and subalpine belt. Not only tundra, but also bogs in this zone are habitual habitats of Arctosus alpineus.
Arctosus alpineus is a shrub with spreading stems that rise slightly above the soil. The small oval leaflets of Arctosus alpineus are finely wrinkled and toothed at the edges. The blossoms are small, like tipped pitchers, slightly pinkish, gathered together
Fig2:
in a sparse clustered inflorescence. In the hanging florets of Arctosus alpineus, pollen from the anthers is dispersed downward through special tube-like outgrowths (Fig. 25). Arctosus alpineus blooms early, when the snow has barely melted. In the fall, the tundra with thickets of Arctosus alpineus is transformed: leaves become purple-red, and on their background - a bouquet of fruits (at first red, and then completely black). In appearance, the fruits of Arctosus alpinus resemble cranberries, but they are juicy knuckles - powdery and tasteless. They are happily eaten by birds and bears. In humans, they cause a number of painful phenomena and sometimes vomiting.
In folk medicine, leaves are used, the action of which is somewhat similar to bearberry. They're even called a surrogate for bearberry. When studying the chemical composition, it turned out that the leaves and fruits of Arctosus alpinus have vitamin C and phenols with their derivatives (arbutin), and the shoots have phenols and tannins. Infusions of leaves of Arctosus alpine show diuretic and antiseptic action and are used in diseases of the kidneys (nephritis, cystitis, diarrhea, pyelitis) and stomach (gastroenterocolitis). Use infusions of Arctosus alpinus and as an external remedy to remove warts and benign tumors.
The inhabitants of the North used to mix the berries of Arctosus alpinus into bread, the leaves were smoked as tobacco, and the stems were used to tan leather and dye it dark green.
Swamp squirrel - Pamassia palustris. Family Parnassiaceae.
A slender stem adorns
A white and pink zetok,
♪ Full of tenderness and sadness ♪
Its every petal.
В. Г. Rubtsov
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The generic Russian name "belozor" seems to be related to the word for "eye", as the marsh belozor was formerly used to treat the eyes, and the Latin name Parnassia was given to the flower for its beauty and grace in honor of the sacred mountain Parnassus, where the muses supposedly dwelt. It blooms late: around Ilyin's Day (August 2); therefore, it is often called Ilyin's weed.
Many birds are on the move,
Autumn is breaking in the yard,
And the pale blossom of the white-horned flower
The pale white flower.
H. А. Cholodkovsky
Bilozor marsh is common in environments characterized by high potential fertility and good water flow. The White-footed Booby settles on low grassy bogs, near key hillocks, on ridges of aapa bogs, on damp meadows, along the banks of rivers and streams. The range of the marsh bilozor is quite wide: almost the entire European and Siberian Arctic, taiga and forest-steppe regions, even the Far East and Central Asia.
Bilozor marsh is a perennial herbaceous plant. Stems of Belosorus marshii are thin (up to 30 cm tall), leaves are small, mostly root-like. On each stalk with an oval leaf is a white flower (Fig. 26). The humble flower of Belosorus marshii is striking in its perfection and rationality. Everything in it is adapted to attract insect pollinators: and dark veins on white petals, and false golden-yellow glands (staminodia), and stamens. The staminodia, which have heads that resemble a drop of nectar, are exactly what attracts insects. It's not without reason that they call the bog bilozor bog also goldenrod. "The corolla of the belosorus seemed to botanists the epitome of ancient harmony... The white marble space of the flower is flooded with golden light. The proportions and rhythms of all structures captivate with their proportionality" (Yu. Linnick).
Belosorus marshii is not only beautiful, but has always been loved and popular as a medicinal plant. In the roots of Belosorus boggy contain alkaloids, in the above-ground part - tannins and bitter substances, alkaloids, saponins. The medicinal raw material of Belozor swampy is the entire plant, and it is collected during flowering.
Bilozor marsh is even known in Tibetan medicine. Its rhizomes were used to treat cardiovascular, gastrointestinal diseases and as an antipyretic. And in Russian folk medicine, belozor marsh bilozor was used to treat not only people (as a reliever of heart palpitations and diuretic), but also animals. Already in the old Russian herbalists wrote about Belozora swamp: "In pharmacies is not used, but the taste has a bitter and the power of compressive and diluting. Belozor swamp flowers and grass can be drunk in decoctions from various internal bleeding and from liver congestion, and outside on bloody wounds crushed apply and on sore eyes. Its seed drives away urine and quenches vomiting." In Latvia and the Far East, for example, belozor marsh is used for gastralgia and eye diseases, and fresh leaves are considered a wound-healing and anti-inflammatory agent. In Transbaikalia they recognize the antipyretic properties of bilozor swampy, and in Komi - as a medicine for urolithiasis and gallstone disease, hypertension and insomnia. Belosorus marsh flowers are referred to diuretics.
There are references to the value of bilozor swampy in scientific medicine: in neuroses, diseases of the cardiovascular system, bleeding, as a sedative, choleretic and astringent. Shortly before World War II, research was conducted in Germany on the medicinal properties of Belosorus bogus, at which time it was reported that the dried herb could be used in the treatment of stomach cancer. The entire plant (flowers, leaves, stems) is mildly poisonous; therefore, its use in the home requires some caution.
Other useful properties of bilozor swampy are also known. It is a good mellifer and very ornamental, and thus promising for horticulture. It is also a forage plant, although it does not produce a large mass. It is well eaten by goats and sheep. Belozor swampy is widely used in folk veterinary medicine: decoction of the herb is washed wounds in animals.
Other species of Belosorus boggy are also found in wet boggy places: in mossy tundras of the European and Siberian Arctic - Belosorus kotzebu, in alpine and subalpine habitats of mountains of Western and Eastern Siberia - Belosorus laksmana, in the Far East - Belosorus boggy, Ussurian form. It is possible that they may also be found to have medicinal properties..
