Tatarna prickly
.Tatarnia prickly is a biennial prickly herbaceous plant from the family of Complexaceae. The stem is erect, branched in the upper part, up to 200 cm high. Leaves prickly, toothed; the root leaves narrowed into petioles, the others sessile, oblong-oval, flowers in baskets, with a pitcher-like screwdriver. The corms are mostly solitary or several at the top of stems and branches. Tatarnia pricklypear blooms in June-August (Fig. 77).
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Spiny Tartar is distributed in the southern regions of the USSR, in Moscow, Ivanovo regions, Belarus, the Baltic States and the Tatar ASSR; it grows on wastelands, near roads, near housing, on steppe and sandy slopes.
The flower baskets and leafy shoots of the plant, collected at the beginning of flowering, are used. The flavor is bitter.
Chemical composition
.Tatarnia pricklypear is a little-studied plant.
Minor amounts of alkaloids (0.5%) and the sequiterpene lactone arctiopicrin were found in the leaves.
Action and application
.Experimental studies have established that preparations of tartaricum are low toxic and do not cause side effects with prolonged use. In small doses they excite and in large doses they depress the central nervous system. Preparations of tartaric have cardiotonic action, increase the strength of heart contractions, constrict peripheral vessels, increase blood pressure and increase diuresis. In addition, they increase the tone of smooth muscles, have styptic and some bactericidal action.
In Bulgaria, a decoction of tartar herb is used for coughs, asthma, heart palpitations, rinses and compresses for skin diseases. In folk medicine - in malignant tumors and hemorrhoids.
In domestic medicine, Tatarnik prickly is used in the form of decoction for the treatment of purulent wounds, malignant tumors and in the treatment of tetanus. Doctors in some countries use it as a prophylactic after operations - removal of malignant tumors, as well as in skin cancer, ulcers, lupus and scrofulosis; in addition - in rheumatism, as a diuretic, in bladder diseases, in colds, in the form of decoction or powder.
Tatarnik prickly (above-ground part during flowering) is used by us as a bactericidal, styptic, cardiotonic agent.
Cumin Common
.Common caraway is a biennial herbaceous plant, from the umbrella family, up to 100 cm tall. The root of the plant is fleshy, spindle-shaped. The stem is branched, erect, knotty, glabrous. Leaves are ordinary petiolate, with sheaths bipinnately pinnately dissected into narrow lobes. Flowers are small, corolla five-petaled, petals white or pink, deep-veined, in compound umbrellas. The fruit is an oblong brown two-seeded seed, breaking into two half-fruits, which have a strong aromatic odor and a peculiar spicy taste. Common caraway blooms in June-July, fruits in July-August (Fig. 78).
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Common caraway is distributed in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of the former USSR, in the southern part of Siberia, in the Caucasus, in mountainous areas of Central Asia and Crimea. Cultivated in Ukraine, Tatar and Chuvash ASSR, Voronezh region, etc. Grows in meadows, forest glades, floodplain meadows on damp places.
Use cumin fruits picked unripe, in umbrellas, to prevent them from falling off.
Chemical composition
.Caraway fruits contain essential oil (3-8%) of complex composition, of which about 50% carvone, which causes the specific smell of caraway, limonene, fatty oil (18-20%), protein, tannins, flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, pigments, resins and other substances. Quercetin, kaempferol, isoramnetin, and flavonoids are found in the herb.
Action and application
.Caraway fruit act irritatingly on the taste buds, reflexively increase the function of the digestive system, increase its tone and peristalsis, reduce the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the intestine.
Used cumin preparations (decoction of seeds, cumin oil) for atony, pain in the intestinal region, low secretion of gastric contents, flatulence. In Kamchatka it is used as a laxative, appetite enhancer and sedative. Caraway fruit was included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR in 1961.
In Bulgaria, cumin fruit is used as an antiseptic, anesthetic, antispasmodic and stimulating the secretion of digestive glands. Used for flatulence, gastrointestinal diseases, especially in children. In addition, common cumin enhances lactation and has expectorant properties. To stimulate appetite, it is recommended to chew the fruit an hour before a meal or flavor the food with it.
Essential oil is used to flavor medicinal preparations. Caraway fruits are widely used in the food industry. In folk medicine - with atonic constipation, chronic cholecystitis.
In Poland, cumin fruit is used as an antispasmodic, tonic.
Caraway fruit is an antibacterial, gastrointestinal tonic. We use them for gastrointestinal conditions..
