Common Pear
.It is a common fruit tree of our country, which reaches a height of 25 meters. Pear leaves are ovate or rounded, leathery, shiny. Flowers are white with a lower ovary and many stamens. The fruit is more often pear-shaped, but can also be rounded. The common pear blooms in May and bears fruit in August-October. There are many pear varieties available, differing from each other in both appearance and flavor.
Pear fruits contain sugars, organic acids (mainly malic acid), tannins, pectin, minerals, flavonoids, enzymes, phytoncides. The common pear is quite rich in vitamins A, B2, B6, and C.
Pear fruits have astringent, digestive regulating, anti-fever, anesthetic, antiseptic, diuretic and stiffening effects. The common pear has always been considered an excellent dietary product. It is recommended to be included in the diet of diabetics.
Boiled and baked pears alleviate severe coughing, choking. They are recommended to be included in the diet of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Thick decoction of the fruit is used for lotions for headaches.
Common oak
.The common oak is widespread in the forests, forest-steppe and steppe regions of the southeast of our country. Often forms oak forests on watersheds and along gullies.
Oak can reach a height of up to 40 meters, its roots are powerful, branching. Trunk - up to 7 m in diameter, wide-spreading crown. The bark is dark brown, cracked. Leaves are obovate, pinnately pinnate. The flowers are unisexual. The fruit is an acorn. The common oak blooms in May. The fruit ripens in September.
The main active ingredient of the tree is tannins, which mainly determine the practical use of the medicinal raw material, which is the bark. It is harvested in early spring from young branches during sap movement. Dry the bark in the shade or in a ventilated room. Finished raw material - pieces of bark up to 20-30 cm long, slightly wrinkled, gray-brown on the surface. Raw material must not contain darkened bark more than 5%, foreign impurities - more than 1%. The shelf life of the medicine is 5 years.
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In folk medicine, apart from the bark, acorns and leaves of oak have long been used for medicinal purposes. Thus, from the peeled roasted acorns brewed coffee, which was taken for various kinds of intestinal colic, anemia, and fresh oak leaves applied to festering wounds for their rapid healing.
Common oak, namely its bark has long been widely used in the treatment of all sorts of ailments. Decoction from it was used for baths and gargles for oral diseases, burns, skin cracks, eczema, hemorrhoids. Infusion was used for diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding. Tincture with good effect is used for gargling with inflammatory processes of the oral cavity. It speeds up getting rid of pimples, other pustules. It is used in the treatment of frostbite.
White willow (goat willow, vetch, rakita)
This tree is also often called willow. White willow is usually found on sandy soils, serving to strengthen them. But often grows in river valleys, near ponds, lakes. Willow is widely spread in our country, including in Western Siberia.
All willows (and there are several species) are perennial woody plants trees (white willow) or shrubs (all others). Its leaves are simple, clasping, petiolate, entire. Flowers without perianth, unisexual, gathered in brushes, often drooping - earrings. The fruit is a boll. The seeds are hairy. It blooms in April and May.
Active beginnings are contained in the bark - vitamin C, flavones, glycoside, salicin, tannins. The bark is harvested in early spring. Drying and storage are similar to oak.
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The medicinal willow white is often used in folk medicine. Its bark in the form of decoction, which is used in febrile conditions, rheumatism, and as an astringent and anti-inflammatory in stomatitis, gingivitis and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. Use the infusion as a styptic (stomach and uterine bleeding), diuretic and choleretic.
Willow white is used as a styptic (it is applied to the wound surface). For this purpose, a medicinal powder is made from its raw material..
