Common oak
.The common oak (petiole oak) is a well-known large tree in the beech family, reaching 40-50 m tall with a trunk up to 2 m in diameter. Honeybee. Common oak blooms simultaneously with leaf blossom in April-May from 40-60 years of age. Native to North Africa, Southern Europe, Syria, and Palestine.
Common oak is also distributed in the middle and southern strips of the European part of the former USSR. It grows in the zone of mixed forests, along river valleys, in the steppe zone along ravines and gullies. Common oak is cultivated as an ornamental and landscaping plant.
Young smooth oak bark without cork layer on the outer side and without wood residue on the inner side is used, collected in early spring during the period of sap movement before leaf budding. Bark is stripped from young branches up to 6 mm thick and thin trunks up to 10 cm in diameter. The odor of common oak is faint, the taste is strongly astringent.
Chemical composition and properties of oak
Properties of oak are widely used in modern phytotherapy of different countries of the world. In the bark of oak found tannins - up to 20% (the younger the bark, the more tannins), flavonoids, gallic and ellagic acids, pentazones (13-14%), pectins (6%), sugars, mucus, starch, protein substances, quercetin, levulin, phlobaphene. Acorns contain: starch (up to 40%), tannins (5-8%), protein substances, sugars, fatty oil (up to 5%). Quercitrin, quercetin, tannins, and pentosans are found in the leaves.
Action and application
.The properties of oak make it possible to make a decoction from the bark that has astringent, anti-inflammatory and anti-rotting properties based on the ability of tannins to seal tissue membranes. It is used in medicine for diarrhea, stomach and intestinal bleeding. In the form of rinses for chronic tonsillitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis, bad breath, gingivitis, skin diseases accompanied by profuse exudation, treatment of burns and hemorrhoids with bleeding, excessive sweating of the palms of the hands and feet in the form of baths, and with inflammatory diseases of the urogenital sphere - in the form of sprinzavaniya decoction of bark.
Oak bark powder is used as a powder.
Due to the beneficial properties of oak its bark was included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR in 1968.
In Poland, oak bark is used as an astringent, for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder, with uterine bleeding, hemorrhoids and as a good wound-healing agent.
In Bulgaria, oak bark is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-rotten remedy in the form of an infusion inside for gastric and intestinal catarrh, dysentery. Especially the properties of oak are preferred as an external application in the form of decoction for skin diseases, wounds, bleeding hemorrhoids, whitewash, frostbite and for mouthwash for sore throat and bad breath.
In Bulgarian folk medicine decoction of oak bark and red wine infusion are also used for bleeding, diarrhea and dysentery, heavy menstruation, inflammation of the bladder, in the form of lavages from the decoction of the white in women, with gonorrhea, with wounds - in the form of compresses.
In domestic folk medicine, a decoction of bark is used for bloody diarrhea, cholera, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract and from the horny cavity, with heavy periods, scurvy, rickets, poisoning from mushrooms, copper and lead salts, liver and spleen diseases, bedsores.
The properties of oak also allow it to be used in the food industry: the leaves are used for pickling cucumbers. Acorns go to make coffee.
Oak bark from young trees we use as an astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-rotten and styptic remedy for ulcerative colitis, enterocolitis, dysentery in a mixture with other plants in the form of infusion, and with trichomonadal colpitis - in the form of spritzing.
Flowerberry
.Common dunnish is an annual herbaceous plant from the family of Complexaceae. The stem is branched, grayish-green, short-haired, 20-80 cm high. Leaves are heart-shaped at the base, three-lobed in front, notched and toothed. Flowers form unidomous and unisexual heads clustered in the corners of the leaves in spikelets. Male heads are multiflowered, female heads are biflowered. Common strawberry blooms from June to August (Fig. 18).
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Common St. John's Wort is distributed in the European part of the USSR, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and southern Siberia. It grows in weedy places, in vegetable gardens, near dwellings and roads, sometimes among irrigated crops.
The trimmed tops of the flowering plant during the flowering period are used.
Chemical composition
.All parts of the plant are rich in iodine and pigments. The leaves contain 31.8 mg% ascorbic acid and an alkaloid. The seeds contain 38-41% of drying fatty oil, a little-studied amorphous glycoside xanthostrumarin, alkaloids, and resins. Treatment with stucco is often used by phytotherapists.
Effects and treatment of stucco
.In the scientific medicine of the former USSR, the treatment with strawberry is not used.
In Chinese medicine, the plant is used internally as an anti-goiter, diaphoretic, antipyretic and sedative. Appointed treatment with durnishnikom in rheumatism and colds. Dried crushed fruits and seeds are included in ointments for external use in some skin lesions. Fruits and seeds are prescribed for eczema and pruritic dermatoses, insect bites and scabies (F. Ibragimov, 1960). In China, this plant has entered the pharmacopoeia. The fruit and leaves are also used to treat paralysis, and a thick extract obtained by gradual evaporation of a water decoction of the leaves is used to treat patients with leprosy.
In domestic folk medicine, treatment with durnishnikom was used in the form of decoction of seeds and roots for dysentery, scrofula, for diseases of the bladder. The whole plant is brewed and drunk as a tea for cancer.
The juice of the fresh herb is used in the treatment of sore throat, goiter, scrofula, lichen planus, and malignant tumors.
In the folk medicine of Central Asia, treatment with stucco was prescribed in the form of juice from fresh leaves for asthma, hemorrhoids, throat spasms; seeds are smoked for throat tuberculosis.
Foliage tops of common strawberry are used by us in thyrotoxicosis in a mixture with other plants..
